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© 1998 Faculty of Public Health Medicine of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom

research-article

A systematic review of evidence for the appropriateness of neonatal screening programmes for inborn errors of metabolism


Margaret J. Thomason
, Health Services Research Fellow1,
Joanne Lord
, Lecturer in Health Economics2
Murray D. Bain
, Consultant Paediatrician1
Ronald A. Chalmers
, Professor of Paediatric Metabolism1
Peter Littlejohns
, Professor of Public Health2
G. Michael Addison
, Consultant Chemical Pathologist3
A. Hervey Wilcox
, Consultant Chemical Pathologist4
Carol A. Seymour
, Professor of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism5

1Department of Child Health, St George's Hospital Medical School London SW17 0RE
2Health Care Evaluation Unit, Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School London SW17 0RE
3Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Manchester M27 1HA
4St Helier Hospital Carshalton, Surrey SM5 1AA
5Department of Cardiological Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School London SW17 0RE


Address correspondence to Dr Margaret Thomason, Health Care Evaluation Unit, Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE

BACKGROUND: Developments in screening technology and increased understanding of the natural history and treatment of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) have produced pressure to extend neonatal screening programmes. This review aims to assess the evidence for the appropriateness of such programmes.

METHODS: A formal systematic literature review was conducted. Exclusion and inclusion criteria were used to select papers for critical appraisal by pairs of reviewers. Standard criteria were used to assess the appropriateness of neonatal screening for various IEMs. Site visits were conducted to assess new technologies for newborn screening.

RESULTS: A total of 1866 papers were identified and 407 systematically selected for full critical appraisal. Published evidence confirmed that universal newborn screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) meets all of the screening criteria and justifies the expense and infrastructure necessary for the collection and testing of neonatal blood spots. There was insufficient evidence in the literature to assess the cost effectiveness of screening for any other IEMs. There was reasonable evidence to support inclusion in extended neonatal screening of four other IEMs: biotinidase deficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency and glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1).

CONCLUSIONS: Large-scale trials of screening for biotinidase, CAH, MCAD and GA1 should be conducted, with careful evaluation to establish their clinical effectiveness and costeffectiveness in practice. Screening for the latter two disorders would be dependent upon the use of tandem mass spectrometry (tandem MS). The application of tandem MS to newborn screening requires further evaluation. The extension of neonatal screening programmes to other IEMs is not currently justified.

Keywords: neonatal screening, inborn errors of metabolism, mass spectrometry, literature review


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