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Journal of Public Health Advance Access originally published online on June 3, 2009
Journal of Public Health 2009 31(4):506-511; doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdp054
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© The Author 2009, Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved

Impact of antisocial lifestyle on health: chronic disability and death by middle age



Jonathan P. Shepherd, Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery1

Iona Shepherd, Research Assistant2

Robert G. Newcombe, Professor of Medical Statistics3

David Farrington, Professor of Psychological Criminology4
1 Violence and Society Research Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
2 School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
3 Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK
4 Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Sidgwick Avenue, Cambridge CB3 9DT, UK

Address correspondence to Jonathan Shepherd, E-mail: shepherdjp{at}cardiff.ac.uk


  Abstract

Background An antisocial lifestyle is associated with injury but also with less organic illness up to the age of 32. It is not known if these associations persist into the fifth decade.

Methods Injury and illness data were collected prospectively in the longitudinal Cambridge study in delinquent development at age 43–48. Hypotheses were that childhood predictors of antisocial behaviour and offending and antisocial behaviour at ages up to 32 would be associated with poorer health at age 48.

Results Childhood and parental predictors of offending, self-reported delinquency at age 32 and convictions were significantly associated with death and disability by age 48. A model comprising three factors: any antisocial behaviour and any parental risk factor at age 8–10 and any antisocial behaviour at age 27–32 best discriminated death or disability. Two factors: conviction between ages 10–18 and any antisocial behaviour at age 8–10 discriminated almost as well.

Conclusions Death and disability by age 48 were strongly associated with antisocial behaviour at ages 8–10 and 27–32, convictions and impulsivity during adolescence and parental predictors of offending at age 8–10. Preventing childhood and adolescent antisocial behaviour and offending may also prolong life and prevent disability among those who would otherwise offend.

Keywords: antisocial lifestyle, illness, injury, mortality, longitudinal study


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